Inputs and training ranges

The 32 inputs shared by every jumper tool, in model order, with the range each one covered in the training data.

Units are imperial because the finite-element campaign was run in feet, pounds and degrees Fahrenheit. The training range is the minimum and maximum of each input over the simulations the strength model was trained on. Inside these ranges the model interpolates between cases it has seen. Outside them it extrapolates, and the tools say so.

Ranges are per input. A case can have every input inside its range and still be unlike any training case, for example a short jumper with a very large end expansion. Treat results near the edges of several ranges at once with extra care.

Geometry

Seven segment lengths, hub 1 to hub 2.

#	Input	Unit	Training range	Example	Notes
1	Segment 1	ft	10 to 45	17.4133	Length of segment 1, the left leg from hub 1 up to the first bend.
2	Segment 2	ft	10 to 30	27.115	Length of segment 2, the left shoulder, horizontal.
3	Segment 3	ft	15 to 60	36.4737	Length of segment 3, the left vertical down to the belly.
4	Segment 4	ft	50 to 120	51.4679	Length of segment 4, the belly, the long horizontal run.
5	Segment 5	ft	15 to 60	35.6851	Length of segment 5, the right vertical up from the belly.
6	Segment 6	ft	10 to 30	27.115	Length of segment 6, the right shoulder, horizontal.
7	Segment 7	ft	10 to 55	14.1834	Length of segment 7, the right leg down to hub 2.

Operating conditions

#	Input	Unit	Training range	Example	Notes
8	Ambient temperature	°F	40 to 70	69.3072	Seawater temperature at the jumper.
9	Design temperature	°F	40 to 250	247.1486	Product temperature the jumper is designed for.
10	Water depth	ft	1,000 to 6,000	4,455.7	Sets the external hydrostatic pressure.
11	Design pressure	psf	288,000 to 1,152,000	1,103,021.513	Internal design pressure in pounds per square foot (1 psi = 144 psf). Trained on 2,000 to 8,000 psi.

Pipe section

#	Input	Unit	Training range	Example	Notes
12	Wall thickness	ft	0.0833 to 0.125	0.1146	Nominal wall thickness. Trained on 1.0 to 1.5 in (0.0833 to 0.125 ft).
13	Outer diameter	ft	0.552 to 1.667	1.1667	Trained on 6.625 to 20 in. Also sets the element size: one element per diameter, bend radius 5D.
14	Product density	lb/ft³	8.4 to 67.5	19	Gas is around 19, oil around 57.

Hub 1 tolerances

Installation misalignment.

#	Input	Unit	Training range	Example	Notes
15	Translation X	ft	-0.15 to 0.15	-0.125	Hub 1 position tolerance along X.
16	Translation Y	ft	-0.15 to 0.15	-0.125	Hub 1 position tolerance along Y.
17	Translation Z	ft	-0.15 to 0.15	-0.125	Hub 1 position tolerance along Z.
18	Rotation X	rad	-0.02 to 0.02	0.0175	Hub 1 angular tolerance about X. 1° = 0.01745 rad.
19	Rotation Y	rad	-0.02 to 0.02	-0.0175	Hub 1 angular tolerance about Y.
20	Rotation Z	rad	-0.02 to 0.02	0	Hub 1 angular tolerance about Z.

Hub 2 tolerances

#	Input	Unit	Training range	Example	Notes
21	Translation X	ft	-0.15 to 0.15	-0.125	Hub 2 position tolerance along X.
22	Translation Y	ft	-0.15 to 0.15	0.125	Hub 2 position tolerance along Y.
23	Translation Z	ft	-0.15 to 0.15	-0.125	Hub 2 position tolerance along Z.
24	Rotation X	rad	-0.02 to 0.02	-0.0087	Hub 2 angular tolerance about X.
25	Rotation Y	rad	-0.02 to 0.02	0.0175	Hub 2 angular tolerance about Y.
26	Rotation Z	rad	-0.02 to 0.02	0	Hub 2 angular tolerance about Z.

End expansion and settlement

Imposed end displacements.

#	Input	Unit	Training range	Example	Notes
27	Hub 1 expansion, in-plane	ft	-5 to 5	-1.0835	Pipeline end expansion imposed at hub 1, in the plane of the jumper. The most influential input.
28	Hub 1 expansion, out-of-plane	ft	-5 to 5	4.3309	End expansion at hub 1, normal to the jumper plane.
29	Hub 2 expansion, in-plane	ft	-5 to 5	4.8486	End expansion at hub 2, in plane.
30	Hub 2 expansion, out-of-plane	ft	-5 to 5	-3.6534	End expansion at hub 2, out of plane.
31	Hub 1 vertical movement	ft	-4 to 2	-3.0847	Settlement or heave of hub 1.
32	Hub 2 vertical movement	ft	-4 to 2	1.3248	Settlement or heave of hub 2.

How the geometry is discretised

The seven segment lengths run from hub 1 to hub 2: up the left leg, across the left shoulder, down to the belly, along the belly, up to the right shoulder, across it, and down to hub 2. Bends are 90° with radius five times the outer diameter. Each straight run is split into elements one diameter long, and each bend into elements one diameter of arc long, so the element count depends on both the lengths and the diameter. The first and last two elements are treated as the hub connections.

The same rule is used by the tools, the 3D view and the original finite-element models, so element numbers mean the same thing everywhere.